This is a clay model animation, up to 10 seconds long. It is a sequence made up of multiple different frames, all taken one after another, having only adjusted the position of the models by a small amount each frame.
Tim burton is a film director and animator. He is know for animations such as The Nightmare Before Christmas, Corpse Bride and Coraline. His work is usually dark and gothic, but can vary at times.
There is also Otmar Gutmann who is the creator of Pingu. It is a example of Clay stop start animation. It is a animation made specially for kids, and is not as dark as work from Tim Burton.
Cel based animation, is short for celluloid animation. Cel based animation, is the idea of using transparent sheets of material, such as plastic, drawing objects and parts of the cartoon on it for traditional hand drawn animation. This technique was used, as it reduced the amount of times a image had to be redrawn, it also enabled studios the ability to split up the production process more simply and more evenly.
Outlines of images are drawn on the front of cels, then on the back of the same sheet, colours are painted onto it. Once the images are done, they are laid over a static image background.
Earl Hurd, was the one who the patented the technique in 1914. (Earl Hurd, 14th September 1880 - 28th September 1940).
Many cartoon creators used the technique, and many still use it to this day, though some use computers to speed the process along. Disney, was one of the first people to use the technique, but stopped using in in the 1990's in favour of CAPS (Computer Animation Production System). Snow White, was one of the first disney films made using this technique, and altogether took up to three years to make. It is one of the many films, that makes Disney as popular as it is today.
The Simpsons cartoon, still uses this technique today, though they do use computers to speed up the process. In fact, a lot of the cartoons you see today still use these techniques, just with computers used in certain places.
